Measure and set targets for more sustainable commuting (walking, cycling or other non-motorized transport, vanpools, carpools, shuttlebus or public transportation, motorcycle, scooter or moped, or electric vehicles)

PSU EV Minibus Route Expansion 

Sustainable mobility for students & staff (Hat Yai Campus) 

Overview 

PSU Hat Yai operates five EV minibuses on three intra-campus routes. This project expands service to nearby residential clusters. In the expansion phase, two EV minibuses run the added segment while three continue intra-campus. 

Objectives 

• Survey, design, and operate off-campus alignments and stops. 
• Enable park-and-ride for motorcycles, shrinking first/last-mile motorcycle use. 
• Integrate safety, equity, and climate action into daily campus mobility. 

Expected Benefits 

• Reduced motorcycle entries → less congestion and lower accident risk. 
• Lower emissions & cleaner air via EV shared transport. 
• Better service quality (reliability, affordability, inclusivity). 
• Living lab for SDGs → advances SDG 11, SDG 13, SDG 3. 

CO₂ Emissions Impact (Daily, only expansion segment) 

• Assumptions: 
• Users shifting to park-and-ride: 1,000 persons/day 
• Avoided motorcycle distance: 4.2 km/day/person 
• Motorcycle: 120 cc ICE, 55 gCO₂/km (estimation basis) 
• EV expansion ops: 2 buses, +4.4 km/round, 15 rounds/day 
• EV energy intensity: 0.7 kWh/km 
• Grid EF: 0.4857 kgCO₂e/kWh 

Results: 

• Motorcycle emissions avoided: ~231.00 kgCO₂e/day 
• EV emissions (expanded segment): ~44.88 kgCO₂e/day 
• Net reduction: ~186.12 kgCO₂e/day 

                ≈ 56 tCO₂e/year (300 operating days) 

                ≈ 68 tCO₂e/year (365 days) 

Interpretation: With park-and-ride reducing 4.2 km/day/person of motorcycle travel and efficient EV operation at 0.7 kWh/km, the expansion achieves a clear net CO₂ reduction while improving safety and easing congestion. 

Quality & Confidence 

• Safety & wellbeing: Focus service on high-risk gates/corridors; track incidents and near-misses per 10,000 trips. 
• Equity & access: Ensure stops within ≤400 m of target residences; publish on-time performance and rider satisfaction. 

Conclusion: PSU’s EV Minibus Expansion now delivers material net CO₂ reductions alongside tangible safety and service benefits. It showcases PSU’s leadership in practical, data-backed sustainability and supports national net-zero goals—solid evidence for our improved sustainable practices. 

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Project in brief 

PSU EV Minibus Route Expansion 

Sustainable mobility for students & staff (Hat Yai Campus) 

            PSU Hat Yai operates five EV minibuses on three intra-campus routes and is expanding service to nearby residential clusters, with two EV minibuses assigned to the added segment while three continue intra-campus service. The project’s objectives are to survey, design, and operate off-campus alignments and stops; enable park-and-ride to shrink first/last-mile motorcycle use; and integrate safety, equity, and climate action into daily campus mobility. Expected benefits include fewer motorcycles entering campus (less congestion and lower accident risk), lower emissions and cleaner air via shared EV transport, enhanced service quality, and a “living lab” contribution to SDG 11, SDG 13, and SDG 3. Using PSU’s assumptions—1,000 users/day adopting park-and-ride, avoiding 4.2 km of motorcycle travel per person; 120 cc motorcycles at 55 gCO₂/km; two EV minibuses adding 4.4 km/round for 15 rounds/day; EV energy intensity of 0.7 kWh/km; and a grid factor of 0.4857 kgCO₂e/kWh, the daily results are: motorcycle emissions avoided ~231.00 kgCO₂e/day, EV emissions ~44.88 kgCO₂e/day, yielding a net reduction of ~186.12 kgCO₂e/day (≈56 tCO₂e/year for 300 operating days; ≈68 tCO₂e/year for 365 days). In short, by cutting 4.2 km/day/person of motorcycle travel and operating efficient EVs at 0.7 kWh/km, the expansion secures clear net GHG reductions while improving safety and easing congestion, reinforcing PSU’s leadership in practical, data-backed sustainability. 

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PSU ICE→EV Campus Buses

Sustainable transportation for students & staff (Hat Yai Campus)

Overview

        In 2024, PSU Hat Yai replaced 5 internal-combustion (ICE) campus buses with 5 electric buses (EVs) on three intra-campus routes. The objective was to deliver safer, quieter, and cleaner mobility while establishing a scalable low-carbon platform.

Operations 

• Fuel record (ICE era): every 10 days, refueled 80 L ⇒ 8 L/day/bus
• Observed distance: 7.5 km/L ⇒ ~60 km/day/bus
• Fleet duty: 5 buses × 60 km/day = ~300 km/day total

CO₂ Impact (daily) Assumptions (transparent for audit):

• ICE fuel: diesel 2.68 kgCO₂e/L
• EV energy intensity: 0.7 kWh/km (20-seater campus shuttle)
• Grid emission factor: 0.4857 kgCO₂e/kWh
• Duty: ~60 km/day/bus

Calculations (5 buses):

• ICE baseline (Scope 1): 8 L/day/bus × 2.68 = 21.44 kgCO₂e/day/bus → 107.20 kgCO₂e/day (fleet)
• EV emissions (Scope 2): 60 km × 0.7 = 42 kWh/day/bus → 42 × 0.4857 = 20.399 kgCO₂e/day/bus → 101.997 kgCO₂e/day (fleet)
• Net reduction: +5.203 kgCO₂e/day

                ≈ +1.56 tCO₂e/year (300 operating days)

                ≈ +1.90 tCO₂e/year (365 days)

Result: With 0.7 kWh/km, the conversion delivers a measurable net CO₂ reduction while shifting emissions from on-route tailpipe (Scope 1) to electricity (Scope 2).

Additional Benefits

• On-route air & noise quality: zero tailpipe (CO₂, NOₓ, PM) and noticeably quieter operation near pedestrian corridors.
• Safety & well-being: smoother low-speed control, less noise distraction at crossings.
• Reliability & cost prudence: fewer engine-related faults; regenerative braking suits stop-and-go duty.
• Living lab: real-world platform for student projects on eco-driving, scheduling, and battery analytics.

Resource & Energy Footprint

• Diesel avoided on campus roads: ~40 L/day (≈ 12,000 L/year for 300 d; 14,600 L/year for 365 d).
• Electricity used: ~210 kWh/day (≈ 63 MWh/year for 300 d; 76.7 MWh/year for 365 d).

SDG & Reputation Fit

• SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities & Communities): safer, cleaner mobility on a pedestrian-dense campus.
• SDG 13 (Climate Action): demonstrable CO₂ cuts with a clear path to larger reductions via renewables.
• SDG 3 (Good Health & Well-being): quieter streets and cleaner air near dorms, clinics, and libraries.

Conclusion

PSU’s ICE→EV conversion now shows verified net CO₂ reductions alongside tangible safety, air-quality, and service gains. The program demonstrates PSU’s capacity to convert sustainability commitments into transparent, measurable outcomes, the kind of credible progress recognized by the international community.

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Project in brief

PSU ICE→EV Campus Buses

Sustainable transportation for students & staff (Hat Yai Campus)

            In 2024, PSU Hat Yai replaced five internal-combustion campus buses with five electric buses across three intra-campus routes to deliver safer, quieter, cleaner mobility and establish a scalable low-carbon platform. Operational logs show ICE buses refueled 80 L every 10 days (~8 L/day/bus) and averaged 7.5 km/L (~60 km/day/bus), or ~300 km/day fleetwide. Using a 20-seat shuttle intensity of 0.7 kWh/km and a grid factor of 0.4857 kgCO₂e/kWh, daily EV emissions are ~102 kgCO₂e versus an ICE baseline of ~107 kgCO₂e, yielding a net reduction of ~5.2 kgCO₂e/day (≈1.56–1.90 tCO₂e/year for 300–365 operating days). Beyond carbon, on-route tailpipe emissions (CO₂, NOₓ, PM) drop to zero and noise decreases in pedestrian areas; smoother low-speed control enhances safety, reliability improves with fewer engine faults, and regenerative braking suits stop-and-go duty—while the fleet serves as a living lab for student projects on eco-driving, scheduling, and battery analytics. Resource footprints shift from diesel to electricity: ~40 L/day of on-campus diesel use avoided and ~210 kWh/day of electricity used (≈63–76.7 MWh/year). Overall, the conversion demonstrates verified, transparent sustainability gains with a clear pathway to deeper reductions as renewable charging expands—supporting PSU’s leadership on SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities & Communities), SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 3 (Good Health & Well-being).